It depends on the laws in your state, check with the attorney general's office for your specific rights.
If you're in the US, no, a child cannot sue his parent for child support (payment for child support is not due to the child).
Sue him for retroactive child support.
No, there's a 12 month limit past the age of majority.
no
no
Your mother should have pursued your father in court for child support when you were young. In most jurisdictions you have no legal standing to sue your father for child support now, and especially if there was no original child support order. If there was an order at some time your mother may be able to sue for arrears but that seems not to be the case.
The child can file prior to age 19.
If there is no court order in place for child support, you will likely not win a court case for back child support. If the case is currently handled by a recovery unit, you can sue for nonpayment.
Generally you cannot unless there are extenuating circumstances. Some examples of such are if the father was not able to be found and/or a paternity test had not been taken to prove who fathered the minor child.
Yes a child can sue a parent for unpaid child support if there was a child support order.
No, you cannot get money back that you paid in child support. There may be circumstances where you could sue a person for some of that money back if you found out the child was not yours.
Yes, as an adult you can sue a noncustodial parent for back child support. However it is a different story if the noncustodial parent has never been ordered to pay child support. You can still sue them for a percentage of their assets. I am currently working on a case in which my client is sueing his father for 15 years of back child support. Any divorce lawyer can handle this case for you.