Unless there are some special circumstances, if you are fired because you refused to accept a new position, then no you cannot collect unemployment. By refusing you gave your employer just cause to let you go. It is not the same as if you were laid off because of downsizing.
In New York, you are what is considered an "At Will" employee. That means that an employer doesn't need at reason to let you go but in this case you would have given them one.
Take the demotion (and i assume lesser pay) and start your hunt for a new job. At least this way you'll have money coming in.
Yes, it is possible. When your income is reduced from what your hiring was agreed to, you can be eligible for partial unemployment benefits. What needs to be determined by the state is whether the reason for the demotion disqualifies you.
Each state has it's own criteria for determining eligibility, but changing titles or responsibilities while still being paid the same is not generally considered cause for unemployment. Check with your unemployment office to determine their rules for eligibility
No. You can only collect from the state that your employer paid his unemployment taxes to, the "liable" state.
No. You can't collect unemployment anywhere for merely retiring.
You can collect unemployment after state disability if you are healthy enough to return to work, and your employer terminated your employment during your disability. The termination can not be related to your job performance.
I suppose you mean unemployment compensation. That is administered by the state you live in. The answer is never.
Religious nonprofits have the option to not pay unemployment to the state. If they choose not to pay unemployment then the employee cannot collect unemployment. If they do pay unemployment costs to the state then the employee can collect unemployment benefits. Nonreligious organizations do have to pay unemployment, but they can pay the state one of two ways. As a state tax rated employer (same as a for profit company) or as a direct reimbursurer. In this case the employee is able to collect unemployment benefits. Referenced from www.chooseust.com
Religious nonprofits have the option to not pay unemployment. If they choose not to pay then the employee cannot collect unemployment. If they do pay unemployment to the state then the employee can collect. Nonreligious organizations do have to pay unemployment, but they can pay the state one of two ways. As a state tax rated employer (same as a for profit company) or as a direct reimbursurer. Referenced from www.chooseust.com
Most states allow a worker to quit and receive benefits if it was for good reason and connected to the job, which it appears to be the case here.
There is no prohibition in any state to marrying anyone who has or will collect state Unemployment Insurance benefits.
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Generally, unemployment benefits are paid by the state in which you worked. If you live in Connecticut and work in New York you most likely collect unemployment benefits from the state of New York.