Yes! You don't need a kosher cookbook. Just remove the non-kosher ingredients.
The general meaning for kosher is "clean/fit or proper" and if you relate this to the cabbage soup diet, yes it is kosher and can help you stay healthy.
Yes, you can. Kosher salt is the same as table salt, only a larger granule.
If it's made from kosher products.
Kosher pizza is a pizza that contains only Kosher ingredients and is baked according to Jewish law.
Yes. "Kosher" salt is really a misnomer. Coarse salt was used to cure and preserve certain meats, by drawing out residual blood, part of the process of "koshering" meat. So it came to be known as "kosher" salt, when if anything it should be called "koshering" salt. But because kosher salt is like lots of regular salt crystals stuck together, if the recipe calls for regular salt you need to use less kosher salt, but if the recipe calls for kosher salt you will most likely wind up needing more regular salt if you don't have kosher salt handy.
Yes
All salt is kosher unless something is added to it that isn't kosher. Kosher salt is just a large grained salt. Use the same amount of any salt.
Ham comes from the pig which is not a kosher species of animal. It is not possible in any way to make ham kosher.
By default, all salt is kosher unless something is added to it to render it not kosher (usually flavourings). If you're just following a recipe that calls for coarse kosher salt, any coarse salt will do, or you could just use table salt.
Kosher meat is saltier than non-kosher, so it needs less salt in cooking. Since meat and milk cannot be mixed, kosher cooking often involves non-dairy substitutes for dairy products, and/or vegetarian substitutes for meat. A kosher kitchen will often not have all the same equipment for both meat and milk; and that can dictate what can be made in either one. If a recipe doesn't call for either meat or milk, but it does call for a certain kind of utensil and one only has it in meat or in milk, then the recipe can only be made in that kind.
Tortilla. The "classic" tortilla recipe is flour, water, salt and a little lard. Unfortunately because the lard is usually pork rendering, the classic tortilla is not kosher. Kosher tortillas can be made using Crisco (r) shortening, however, as it is considered kosher although not necessarily strictly kosher for passover.
Yes, both are sodium chloride.