Yes. The father has no right to go to a personal doctors appointment.
yes
The US Senate can refuse to confirm appointments to the Judicial Branch.
yes
Legislative
If the father have no court order for visitation she can refuse.
Ask him to do a DNA test and if he refuse you get a court order for one.
The Legislative Branch
According the United States Constitution, the US Senate can refuse the president's appointments. It can also reject treaties that have been agreed to by the president.
He can refuse to see the child; he cannot refuse to support the child.
This depends on the situation. I advise contacting a lawyer.
Yes he can. The court will award full custody to the mother or to a legal guardian if necessary. However, the father will be required to pay child support.
The court will appoint someone. It is often an attorney or a bank.