Yes.
A creditor can petition for a stay motion. If it is granted, then you would not be able to proceed.
The creditor is asking to be excluded from the bankruptcy. If that is granted the debt will be valid and the creditor can resume collection action.
It is filed because a secured creditor (who has stopped receiving payments) wants to foreclose on the collateral of the loan/promissory note. It is filed because a BK filing prevents a creditor from trying any collection activity (the "stay"). So a creditor that wants to continue to collect/foreclose must seek court permission to do so- hence "relief" from "stay"
If the motion is granted, the BK court is allowing the creditor to seize/take back the property, so no, you would not be allowed to keep the property
The best approach would be to work with the Creditor's attorney to come up with some kind of agreement. You can also move to have the stay reimposed or ask the Judge to reconsider lifting the stay. If the motion for relief from stay has been granted, you no longer have a defense. The time to raise a defense would have been right after the motion was filed by obtaining a hearing date and opposing the motion. The creditor is not required to negotiate with you, but you should at least try again.
Bankruptcy protection remains in place and the creditor who was denied the stay will remain a part of the bankruptcy and cannot attempt to collect the debt owed.
No.
A preliminary hearing on the motion must be heard within 30 days of the date it is filed, unless that requirement is waived by the creditor. The motion could be granted at that hearing, or the court could set it for a final hearing, which must be heard within 30 days of the preliminary hearing. If the motion is granted, the creditor may then proceed with actions to remove you from the property. The creditor may have to foreclose, if it involves a secured claim. After foreclosure, and in the event it is a landlord-tenant situation, the creditor must file to evict you, if you do not move out voluntarily. That could take another 30 days, longer if you appeal. I have seen people who know how to game the system stay in property a year or longer.
Yes, so long as you keep making the mortgage payments. If you stop paying, eventually the creditor will be allowed to foreclose on the property.
A motion hearing is where the attorney in an adversarial trial argues why his motion should be granted. The other attorney argues her reasons why the motion should not be granted.
The motion for relief from stay only affects the creditor's right to proceed against the property that secures the debt. The creditor's right to be paid any deficiency after sale depends on the kind of bankruptcy. In a 7, no. In a 13, it depends on what the other unsecured creditors are getting.
Yes.