Not necessarily, although such cases are decided on individual basis according to the circumstances.
No.
No.
NO. It is not a criminal act.
It's not illegal.
No, but it does give you the ability to complete the naturalization process.
No. An incarcerated person could not sponsor a foreign national for permanent residency nor citizenship. FYI, marrying a US citizen does not automatically confer permanent resident or citizenship status on a foreign national. Likewise, an illegal immigrant is not eligible for permanent residency regardless of his or her marital status. Unlawfully present individuals are required to voluntarily leave the US and return to their country of origin or face detainment and deportation.
No. In the US adults regardless of their citizen status cannot be adopted. A legal immigrant can be sponsored by a US citizen for permanent residency and citizenship.
No rights gained, save for the ability to legalize your residency status if the immigrant entered the country LEGALLY.
No, marrying a U.S. citizen does not automatically grant an immigrant permanent resident or citizenship status. http://www.uscis.gov
No, she is not. She will be allowed to remain in the US with her spouse and children, but she will have to apply for citizenship separate from her marriage. The US citizen REMAINS a US citizen. The immigrant remains an immigrant and must follow the legal path to resident immigrant status, and from there to citizenship. Marriage is not a free pass to residency or citizenship.
No.
YES YOU CAN MARRY A US CITIZEN ON A NON IMMIGRANT VISA BUT AFTER MARRYING YOU BOTH MUST CONTACT THE EMBASSY AND FILE I130 FORM WITH ALL DOCUMENTION AND GO FROM THERE