That's up to the judge, but generally is only applicable when a father gets custody while owing, as only 7 out of 1000 mothers pay support to custodial fathers.
yes
By applying to a court.
You can get sole custody of your children from a previous relationship by by filing custody paperwork through the courts. A judge will then review the case and determine which parent should receive custody.
In Minnesota the custodial parent must receive permission from the court to move out of the state with the children. You must show why you want to move (employment for instance). The non-custodial parent can argue his/her side and the judge will then make a final decision as to whether you can move the children out of the state.
Not arbitrarily. The custodial parent would have to receive permission from the court for the change in residence.
It is unlikely that this would be regarded as a reasonable request. PROVIDED the previous agreement (choice) can be proved. However they could ask for it going forward.
Yes, the criminal history of the parent does not count against the child when it comes to insurance assistance.
yes
Karma is a great thing. The non-custodial parent will eventually lose if they did not file expressly to avoid the refund going to you. However, look at the IRS site for exceptions which allow not filing.
Yes, under the Hague Treaty.
According to Judge David Grey Ross, Commissioner of the Federal Office of Child Support Enforcement, no.
Spain.